Regions

The combined MESSAGEix-GLOBIOM framework has global coverage and divides the world into 11 regions which are also the native regions of the MESSAGEix model (see Fig. 2 and Table 1 below). GLOBIOM natively operates at the level of 30 regions which in the linkage to MESSAGEix are aggregated to the 11 regions as listed in Table 2.

Fig. 2 Map of 11 MESSAGEix-GLOBIOM regions including their aggregation to the four regions used in the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs).

The country definitions of the 11 MESSAGEix regions are described in the table below (Table 1). In some scenarios, the MESSAGEix region of FSU (Former Soviet Union) is disaggregated into four sub-regions resulting in a 14-region MESSAGEix model.

Table 1 Listing of 11 regions used in MESSAGEix-GLOBIOM, including their country definitions.

MESSAGE regions	Definition	List of countries
NAM	North America	Canada, Guam, Puerto Rico, United States of America, Virgin Islands
WEU	Western Europe	Andorra, Austria, Azores, Belgium, Canary Islands, Channel Islands, Cyprus, Denmark, Faeroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madeira, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom
PAO	Pacific OECD	Australia, Japan, New Zealand
EEU	Central and Eastern Europe	Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, The former Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Yugoslavia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
FSU	Former Soviet Union	Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
CPA	Centrally Planned Asia and China	Cambodia, China (incl. Hong Kong), Korea (DPR), Laos (PDR), Mongolia, Viet Nam
SAS	South Asia	Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
PAS	Other Pacific Asia	American Samoa, Brunei Darussalam, Fiji, French Polynesia, Gilbert-Kiribati, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Caledonia, Papua, New Guinea, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Taiwan (China), Thailand, Tonga, Vanuatu, Western Samoa
MEA	Middle East and North Africa	Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt (Arab Republic), Iraq, Iran (Islamic Republic), Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya/SPLAJ, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria (Arab Republic), Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
LAM	Latin America and the Caribbean	Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guyana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Santa Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela
AFR	Sub-Saharan Africa	Angola, Benin, Botswana, British Indian Ocean Territory, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Cote d’Ivoire, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Saint Helena, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe |

In addition to the 11 geographical regions, in the glboal MESSAGEix model there is a global trade region where market clearing of global energy markets is happening and international shipping bunker fuel demand, uranium resource extraction and the nuclear fuel cycle are represented.

Table 2 Listing of 30 regions used in GLOBIOM, including their country definitions and the mapping to the 11 regions of the combined MESSAGEix-GLOBIOM model.

MESSAGE regions	GLOBIOM regions	List of countries
NAM	Canada	Canada
	USA	United States of America
WEU	EU_MidWest	Austria, Belgium, Germany, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands
	EU_North	Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden, United Kingdom
	EU_South	Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain
	ROWE	Gibraltar, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland
	Turkey	Turkey
PAO	ANZ	Australia, New Zealand
	Japan	Japan
	Pacific_Islands	Fiji Islands, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu
EEU	EU_Baltic	Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
	EU_CentEast	Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia
	RCEU	Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia-Montenegro
FSU	Former_USSR	Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
CPA	China	China
	RSEA_PAC	Cambodia, Korea DPR, Laos, Mongolia, Viet Nam
SAS	India	India
	RSAS	Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
PAS	South_Korea	South Korea
	RSEA_OPA	Brunei Daressalaam, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand
MEA	MidEastNAfr	Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
LAM	Brazil	Brazil
	Mexico	Mexico
	RCAM	Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Netherland Antilles, Panama, St Lucia, St Vincent, Trinidad and Tobago
	RSAM	Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela
AFR	Congo_Basin	Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial, Guinea, Gabon
	EasternAf	Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda
	SouthAf	South Africa
	RoSAfr	Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe
	WestCentAfr	Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Eritrea, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Togo