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2

Nils Johnson, Manfred Strubegger, Madeleine McPherson, Simon C. Parkinson, Volker Krey, and Patrick Sullivan. A reduced-form approach for representing the impacts of wind and solar PV deployment on the structure and operation of the electricity system. Energy Economics, 64:651–664, 2016. doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2016.07.010.

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Alan Sussmann Manne and Richard G Richels. Buying greenhouse insurance: the economic costs of carbon dioxide emission limits. MIT press, 1992. ISBN 0-262-13280-X.

5

Sabine Messner and Manfred Strubegger. User’s Guide for MESSAGE III. 1995. URL: http://webarchive.iiasa.ac.at/Admin/PUB/Documents/WP-95-069.pdf.

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Patrick Sullivan, Volker Krey, and Keywan Riahi. Impacts of considering electric sector variability and reliability in the MESSAGE model. Energy Strategy Reviews, 1(3):157 – 163, 2013. doi:10.1016/j.esr.2013.01.001.